穴播与条播对夏谷产量及相关性状的影响

研究了穴播和条播对不同株型谷子产量及相关性状的影响。结果表明,在不同试验地点穴播与条播相比籽粒产量水平相当或有所提高;穴播可以解决谷子单籽出苗顶土力弱的问题;通过研制穴播机可以实现谷子的精量播种,少间苗或不问苗。     

响应面法优化去除黄米淀粉中蛋白的研究

为了优化碱法提取黄米淀粉的工艺条件,在单因素试验的基础上,通过Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计及响应面分析方法,考察了提取温度、碱液浓度以及提取时间三因素对黄米淀粉中蛋白质残留量的影响,得出了黄米淀粉提取效果的回归模型.结果表明,最佳工艺参数为提取温度34 ℃,碱液浓度0.38%,提取时间14 h,料液比1:...     

EMS诱变谷子‘长农35号’M1代成熟期株型突变体的鉴定与分析

为建立谷子突变体库,以便在谷子分子生物学研究中应用,以生产上主要推广种植的谷子品种‘长农35号’干种子为实验材料,采用0.8%和1.0%甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)进行了诱变处理,试验共收获株型相关M1代突变体材料282份,其中,0.8% EMS诱变‘长农35号’获得株型突变体材料100个单株,可分为10个组;1.0% EMS诱变‘长农35号’获得株型突变体材料182个单株,可分为17个组。M1代成熟期株型相关性状突变体分析结果表明：1.0% EMS处理‘长农35号’所获突变体,在株高、穗下节粗、穗下第一节间粗和茎节数4个性状与对照有显著差异,而0.8%处理与对照差异不显著,因此,对于‘长农35号’来讲,采用1.0% EMS进行诱变处理更有利于多类型大量突变单株的获得。     

干旱胁迫对不同基因型夏谷芽期的影响

用不同浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱处理14个夏谷品种,统计相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数及相对芽长、根长。结果表明,除5%PEG处理外,PEG处理对14个品种夏谷的萌发均有抑制作用,但抑制程度不同。根据所有指标的隶属函数值将14个品种分为4个级别,200152和200131为强抗旱品种,安06-6082、郑06-3、沧344、济0404、济0515、06766-7和长生08为较抗旱品种,安04-4783、206058、沧555和冀谷19为弱抗旱品种,冀谷31为不抗旱品种。     

晋南小米醋酿造工艺史探述

小米醋历史悠久,是最早的粮食醋之一。最早出现于夏商时期,在魏晋南北朝时期得到了较大发展,唐宋时期得到普及和应用扩大化,逐渐拓展到药用领域,在元代达到酿造工艺的顶峰时期。清末民初,随着资本主义在中国萌芽,小米醋作坊也如雨后春笋般林立起来。详述了晋南小米醋工艺发展演进的历史,对小米醋的工艺保护提供了重要的理论基础。     

抗除草剂谷子杂交种长杂谷2号选育研究

长杂谷2号是山西省农业科学院谷子研究所利用“两系法”选育的抗除草剂谷子杂交种,组合为高146×K103。2008年4月10日经山西省农作物品种审定委员会五届三次会议审定通过,该品种是我国第一个适合于中晚熟地区种植的谷子杂交种。     

不同基因型谷子叶片衰老的研究

以谷子品种‘05-61'和‘金谷3号'为材料,研究不同基因型谷子开花至成熟期叶片的叶绿素含量、酶促防御系统的保护酶SOD、CAT活性和MDA积累量的动态变化规律.结果表明,两个参试品种各功能叶片的叶绿素含量,SOD、CAT等保护性酶活性呈由高到低的变化趋势,MDA含量随着叶片的衰老而升高;与‘金谷3号'谷子相比,‘05-61'叶片防御活性氧毒害的保护酶活性高且下降缓慢,丙二醛含量低且增长缓慢,在籽粒灌浆中后期表现更为明显.研究认为,在旱作农业生产中,延缓叶片衰老,对促进糜子籽粒充实,提高谷子产量和品质具有重要作用.     

Cardinal temperatures and required biological days from sowing to emergence of three millet species （common,foxtail, pearl millet）

The modeling of germination and seedling emergence is required for the construction of a simulation model of three species of millet （panicum miliaceum, pennisetum galucum and setaria italica）. This study provides the necessary temperature parameters to model these processes. For this purpose, different non-linear regression models including fiat, logistic, quadratic, sigmoidal, dent-like, segmented, beta and curvilinear were used. Root Mean Square of Errors, coefficient of determination and regression coefficients of predicted values versus observed were used to find the appropriate model. Investigating regression coefficients indicated that dent-like model has the least RMSE and a coefficient （RMSE=0.000009, a=0.0006） and the biggest R2 and b coefficient （R2=0.96, b=0.98） in common millet. These coefficients were （RMSE=0.01, a=0.005） and （R2=0.94, b=0.97）, and （RMSE=0.004, a=0.05） and （R2=0.99, b=0.99）, for beta in foxtail and pearl millet, respectively. According to these coefficients, dent-like, was chosen as the best model to describe the response of common millet germination to temperature （Tb=7~C and Tc=49.50℃）. Also beta, was chosen for foxtail millet （Tb=7℃, Tc=49.50℃）. Beta, was chosen as the best model for pearl millet （Tb=6.5 ℃ and To=4 ℃ ）. These parameters can be used in millet simulation models to predict sowing to emergence duration based on a thermal time concept. Also, required biological days from sowing to emergence using these models varied from 3.57, 4.29 and 5.54, for common millet, foxtail millet and pearl millet, respectively.     

谷子品种资源微量元素硒和蛋白质含量的测定与评价

 【目的】对中国谷子地方品种资源进行硒和蛋白质含量的测定与评价,以了解谷子品种资源中硒和蛋白质含量的变异及其与地理分布的关系,为谷子种质创新和育种提供基础。【方法】硒和蛋白质含量测定分别采用氢化物原子荧光法和微量凯氏定氮法。【结果】①中国谷子地方品种资源硒含量平均53.3 μg?kg-1,变异范围20.8～89.2 μg?kg-1;蛋白质含量平均15.8%,变异范围11.01%～20.77%。②不同生态区的材料硒和蛋白质含量存在明显差异,西北内陆和黄土高原来源的品种硒含量分别排列第一和第二,以下依次是东北平原、华北平原,最低是内蒙古高原;不同生态区来源的品种蛋白质含量排列次序与硒的排列较为一致,依次为西北内陆、黄土高原、华北平原、东北平原和内蒙古高原。③2个品质性状的相关分析表明,硒和蛋白质含量存在一定的正相关性,相关系数为0.534,且达到极显著水平。④硒含量与谷子粒色相关联,相联系数为0.385,达到0.05的显著水平,红粒谷子硒含量明显高于黄、青、褐等粒色的品种。【结论】谷子品种资源的硒和蛋白质含量存在较为丰富的遗传变异,在鉴定评价基础上,筛选出了一批品质优异的谷子种质资源,为富硒和高蛋白优质品种的培育和种质创新奠定了基础。     

Evaluation of the waxy endosperm trait in proso millet (Panicum miliaceum)*

The entire USDA‐ARS maintained collection of 650 accessions of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) was evaluated for the presence of accessions with waxy (amylose‐free) endosperm starch. Six accessions, five of which derived from mainland China, were identified. Segregation ratios for waxy endosperm were evaluated in F₂ and F₃ populations derived from crosses between two waxy accessions, PI 436625 (Lung Shu 16) and PI 436626 (Lung Shu 18), and several wild‐type accessions. The waxy trait was found to be under the control of duplicate recessive alleles at two loci, herein designated wx‐1 and wx‐2. Wild‐type alleles at these loci were designated Wx‐1 and Wx‐2. Iodine‐binding revealed a mean grain‐starch amylose concentration of 3.5% in waxy lines and 25.3% in wild‐type proso. Expression of the granule‐bound starch synthase (waxy protein) in waxy lines was reduced to approximately one‐tenth that of wild‐type accessions. The waxy accessions identified now are available for the introgression of this trait into breeding lines adapted to the Great Plains of North America.